The climate of Saudi Arabia is characterized by a semi-arid to dry desert climate and very low annual rainfall with the exception of the Asir region in the southwestern parts of the Kingdom. Two regions in the Kingdom are characterized by seasonal rainfall. In the winter, the northern and central parts receive an amount of rain due to the interaction of westerly winds with an extension of the Sudan Depression. While in summer, the southwestern parts of Saudi Arabia receive rainfall due to the shift of the tropical confluence zone and the circulation of the monsoon winds and their interaction with the topography of the region.

There is also a distinct difference in climate between coastal and inland areas. The maximum temperature throughout the country ranges as follows: 20-30°C during the winter, 30-40°C during the spring, 35-45°C during the summer, and 25-35°C during the fall.